Agroforestry systems such as Alley-cropping systems involve growing field crops in combination with tree species planted in protective belts within agricultural fields, offering a response to the increasing negative impacts of climate change. Such systems can moderate microclimatic conditions, stabilize crop yields, improve plant biological traits, create additional income sources, enhance soil structure and quality, and support circular agriculture principles. However, these systems are still insufficiently studied in the climatic conditions of eastern Croatia and the surrounding region.

The aim of this project is to investigate agroecological parameters of integrated production systems combining field crops with short-rotation tree species (black locust, willow, and poplar). Over a four-year period, the study will examine effects on crop yield and biological traits, woody biomass production, and soil quality, including physicochemical properties, soil health, and biodiversity, through analyses of soil microbial biomass and nematode abundance. Overall, the research contributes to the development of climate-smart agriculture through innovative food production systems.